Temperature is a fundamental environmental parameter that describes how hot or cold the air is. It is typically measured in degrees Celsius (°C) and plays a key role in both indoor comfort and overall air quality.
In outdoor environments, temperature influences weather conditions, seasonal changes, and the behaviour of air pollutants. Higher temperatures can accelerate chemical reactions in the atmosphere and contribute to the formation of pollutants such as ground-level ozone, while also affecting the dispersion of particulate matter.
Indoors, temperature is closely linked to thermal comfort and can influence how people perceive air quality. It also affects other key parameters, such as relative humidity and pollutant concentrations. For example, higher indoor temperatures can increase the emission of certain pollutants from building materials, furniture, and cleaning products.
Maintaining an appropriate indoor temperature is important for both comfort and well-being. In general, recommended indoor temperatures are:
• Winter: 20–22°C
• Summer: 23–26°C
Temperatures outside these ranges may lead to discomfort, reduced productivity, and, in more extreme cases, health risks.
Exposure to high indoor temperatures can cause fatigue, dehydration, headaches, and reduced concentration. Prolonged exposure to excessive heat may lead to heat stress or heat exhaustion. On the other hand, low temperatures can cause discomfort, reduced dexterity, and may increase the risk of respiratory issues, especially in vulnerable individuals.
Temperature can be managed through heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, as well as through natural ventilation and shading. Monitoring temperature alongside other indoor air quality parameters helps create a balanced and healthy indoor environment.